Overview
Collaborative learning is an approach to teaching that involves students in groups to create a product or solve a problem.
Strategies
Reading Circles
Reading or literature circles are much like a book club in which students meet regularly in the same group to discuss in depth a work or article. Often a guide is provided to make sure the salient topics are discussed and recorded.
Story Telling
In digital storytelling, storytellers tell the story through the traditional processes of selecting a topic, conducting some research, writing a script and developing an interesting story. This material is then combined with various types of multimedia, including computer-based graphics, recorded audio, computer-generated text, video clips, and music so that it can be played on a computer.
Intentional Empowerment
Careful planning should be part of developing a collaborative learning environment. In doing so there should be an intentional effort in making sure that all students and perspectives are respected. Students should be comfortable sharing knowing that there is “a no-tolerance policy for bullying, establishing clear classroom expectations, and celebrating introverts’ strengths through verbal encouragement and consistent feedback will encourage even the most soft-spoken students to collaborate (Burns, 2016).”
Complex Learning Activities
The real reason to collaborate is that the task is complex—it is too difficult and has too many pieces to complete alone. Complex activities are challenging, engaging, stimulating, and multilayered. Complex activities require “positive interdependence” (Johnson, Johnson & Holubec, 2008).
Team Work
Sometimes students are unsure how collaboration contributes to learning. Explain to students the benefits of collaboration and what successful collaboration looks like. In addition, students may not know how to form a group that will work well together so guide students through the stages of team building
Minimize Free Riding
In smaller groups (e.g. 4-5), students have less opportunity to not participate and in essence, hide, while still benefiting from enough divergent points of view. Assign roles or specific tasks that help ensure a high degree of individual accountability (Johnson, Johnson & Holubec, 2008)
Frequent Discussions
Rich discussions that connect students with the experiences of others, that engage them deeply in a shared intellectual experience, and that promote coming to consensus are essential to collaboration (Burns, 2016).
References
- Mary Burns, 5 Strategies to Deepen Student Collaboration
- Health Science Center Faculty Development (University of Florida): TBL at UF
- Team-Based Learning: TBL Collaborative
- L.K. Michaelsen & M. Sweet (2008): TBL Backward Design (pdf)
- Barbara L. Smith & Jean T. MacGregor (1992): What is Collaborative Learning? (pdf)
- Parama Chaudhury, Department of Economics (University College London): Team Based Learning
- Center for Teaching Innovation (Cornell University): Collaborative Learning
- Health Science Center Faculty Development (University of Florida): TBL Resources
- Diving Deeper/Research
- C.J. Brame & R. Biel (2015): Setting up and facilitating group work using cooperative learning groups effectively